Introduction
Fistula disease is an abnormal passage or communication between two parts of the body, like organs, blood vessels, or intestines. Fistula may arise as a result of injury, infection, or surgery and generally results in pain, discomfort, and other associated health issues.
In this blog, we are going to learn about the causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention tips of fistula disease.
What is a Fistula Disease?
A fistula is a tube-like passageway connecting two dissimilar portions of the body that do not belong together. It typically occurs in the digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive organs.
Types of Fistula That Occur Most Frequently:
- Anal Fistula (between the anus and the skin)
- Rectovaginal Fistula (between the vagina and the rectum)
- Arteriovenous Fistula (between a vein and an artery)
- Intestinal Fistula (between sections of the intestine)
Causes of Fistula
Fistula may be caused by several underlying health conditions and external sources.
Common Causes Include:
- Chronic infection
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Complications of surgery
- Trauma or injury
- Tuberculosis
- Cancer or radiation treatment
Symptoms of Fistula
The symptoms of a fistula depend on its site and severity.
Common Symptoms Include:
- Ongoing pain and swelling
- Discharge of pus or blood
- Discharge of foul-smelling fluid
- Straining to pass stool or urine
- Fever and weakness
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Types of Fistula
There are five primary types of fistula, each occurring in different areas of the body.
1. Anal Fistula
Exists between the anus and the surrounding skin. It usually is a result of an infected anal gland.
2. Rectovaginal Fistula
Develops between the rectum and the vagina, typically due to a complication during childbirth.
3. Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF)
An abnormal connection between an artery and a vein, usually developed surgically for dialysis patients.
4. Enterocutaneous Fistula
Happens between the intestine and the skin, usually following surgery in the abdomen.
5. Vesicovaginal Fistula
Develops between the bladder and the vagina, resulting in urine loss.
Risk Factors of Fistula
Some factors raise the chances of having a fistula.
High-Risk People Are:
- Individuals with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
- Those who have had surgery
- Patients with recurrent infections
- Women who have complicated delivery
- Cancer patients who receive radiation treatment
How is Fistula Diagnosed?
Physicians utilize various tests and procedures to detect fistula.
Diagnostic Techniques:
- Physical exam
- MRI or CT scan
- Endoscopy
- Ultrasound
- Blood work to test for infection
Treatment of Fistula
Treatment of fistula is based on the type, location, and severity of the disease.
Non-Surgical Interventions:
- Antibiotics for infection
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Fistula plugs or seton insertion
Surgical Interventions:
- Fistulotomy (opening up the fistula tract)
- Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT procedure)
- Advancement flap procedure
- Laser surgery
- Home Remedies and Dietary Changes
Foods to Consume:
- Fiber-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables
- Whole grains and legumes
- Probiotic yogurt
To Avoid:
- Spicy and oily food
- Processed and junk food
- Alcoholic drinks and tea Cadillac >
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Complications of Fistula
Untreated fistula may develop into serious diseases like:
- Persistent infection
- Formation of an abscess
- Bowel obstruction
- Sepsis (severe infection that can prove to be life-threatening) https://theechowriters.com/category/health-and-fitness/
Preventing Fistula?
Maintaining proper hygiene and living a healthy life may help in preventing fistula.
Prevention Measures:
- Proper hygiene
- Follow a high-fiber diet in order to prevent constipation
- Get treated with infection on time
- Quit smoking and alcohol consumption
- Periodical medical checkup
Recovery Time After Surgery of Fistula
The healing time varies according to the surgery type and patient’s general condition.
Mild: 2 to 4 weeks
Moderate: 4 to 6 weeks
Severe: Up to 8 weeks
Conclusion
Fistula disease is a discomforting and painful disorder that should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14466-anal-fistula Having knowledge of its causes, signs, and management will allow you to prevent fatal complications and increase your well-being.
If you have ongoing pain or abnormal discharge, see a doctor right away for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.